The maximum voltage that can be applied to the VM pin is 24V, but it's recommended to keep it below 18V for optimal performance and to prevent overheating.
To protect the VNH5019A-E from back-EMF, you can add a freewheeling diode in parallel with the motor, and also ensure that the motor is properly decelerated before switching directions.
The maximum current that the VNH5019A-E can handle is 30A peak, but it's recommended to keep the average current below 14A to prevent overheating and ensure reliable operation.
To configure the VNH5019A-E for half-bridge operation, connect the EN pin to VCC and the IN pin to the control signal. For full-bridge operation, connect the EN pin to the control signal and the IN pin to VCC.
The CS pin is a current sense pin that allows you to monitor the motor current. You can connect a resistor and a capacitor to the CS pin to create a low-pass filter, and then connect the output to an ADC or a comparator to monitor the motor current.