The maximum input voltage that can be applied to the TPS54311PWP is 42V, but it's recommended to keep it below 40V for reliable operation.
The inductor value depends on the output voltage, output current, and switching frequency. A good starting point is to use the inductor selection guide in the datasheet or TI's WEBENCH Power Designer tool.
The minimum ESR required for the output capacitor is 10mΩ, but it's recommended to use a capacitor with an ESR of 5mΩ or lower for optimal performance.
Yes, but it's not recommended. Ceramic capacitors have a high ESL (Equivalent Series Inductance) which can cause ringing and instability in the output voltage. It's recommended to use a capacitor with a low ESL, such as an aluminum electrolytic or a film capacitor.
The output voltage can be adjusted by changing the resistor divider ratio between the VOUT pin and the GND pin. The datasheet provides a formula to calculate the required resistor values for a specific output voltage.