Texas Instruments recommends a 4-layer PCB with a solid ground plane, and to keep the analog and digital traces separate. Additionally, it's recommended to use a low-ESR capacitor for the VREF pin and to keep the input traces as short as possible.
The TLV0832IDR outputs 12-bit signed data, with the most significant bit (MSB) indicating the sign. To handle signed values, you can use a signed integer data type in your microcontroller or processor. If you need unsigned values, you can simply mask the MSB and use the remaining 11 bits as an unsigned value.
Texas Instruments recommends powering up the VCC pin first, followed by the VREF pin, and then the input signals. This ensures that the internal reference voltage is stable before the ADC starts converting.
The TLV0832IDR has an internal calibration circuit that can be used to trim the offset and gain errors. You can use the CAL pin to initiate the calibration process, and then use the resulting calibration data to adjust the output values in your software.
The maximum sampling rate of the TLV0832IDR is 1.5 MSPS, and it affects the power consumption by increasing the current drawn from the VCC pin. At higher sampling rates, the power consumption increases, so it's essential to consider the trade-off between sampling rate and power consumption in your design.