The maximum clock frequency of the MC9S12C128CFUE is 25 MHz.
The oscillator can be configured using the OSCCTL register. The oscillator mode is selected by setting the OSCCTL[OSC_MODE] bits. The oscillator frequency is selected by setting the OSCCTL[OSC_FREQ] bits.
The VREGIN pin is the input to the internal voltage regulator. It should be connected to a power source, typically 5V, to power the internal voltage regulator.
The ADC on the MC9S12C128CFUE is a 10-bit successive approximation ADC. It can be configured using the ADCCTL register. The ADC conversion is triggered by setting the ADCCTL[ADC_START] bit.
The COP timer is a watchdog timer that resets the microcontroller if it does not receive a 'service' pulse within a predetermined time period. This is used to prevent the microcontroller from running away or getting stuck in an infinite loop.