A good PCB layout for the LTC2151IUJ-14#PBF involves keeping the analog and digital grounds separate, using a solid ground plane, and minimizing the distance between the ADC and the analog signal sources. Additionally, it's recommended to use a 4-layer PCB with a dedicated power plane and to avoid routing digital signals near the analog signals.
To ensure accurate clocking and synchronization, it's recommended to use a high-quality clock source, such as a crystal oscillator, and to ensure that the clock signal is properly terminated and buffered. Additionally, the LTC2151IUJ-14#PBF has a clock synchronization input (CLKSYNC) that can be used to synchronize the ADC with an external clock source.
The maximum sampling rate of the LTC2151IUJ-14#PBF is 105MSPS, but this can be affected by the quality of the clock source, the analog input signal, and the PCB layout. In practice, a sampling rate of up to 80MSPS is typically achievable with a good design.
Metastability in the ADC output data can be handled by using a synchronizer or a metastability resolver circuit, such as a flip-flop or a latch, to resynchronize the data output. Additionally, the LTC2151IUJ-14#PBF has a built-in data output register that can help to reduce metastability issues.
The recommended power supply decoupling for the LTC2151IUJ-14#PBF involves using a combination of ceramic and electrolytic capacitors, with a total capacitance of at least 10uF, to filter out noise and ripple on the power supply lines. Additionally, it's recommended to use a low-ESR capacitor, such as a ceramic capacitor, as close as possible to the ADC power pins.