The internal oscillator of the DS3231SN has an accuracy of ±2 ppm from 0°C to 40°C, and ±3 ppm from -40°C to 85°C.
The time can be set on the DS3231SN by writing to the hour, minute, second, day, date, month, and year registers using the I2C interface.
The EOSC (Enable Oscillator) pin is used to enable or disable the internal oscillator. When EOSC is high, the oscillator is enabled, and when it is low, the oscillator is disabled.
Yes, the DS3231SN can be used as a battery-backed RTC. It has a battery input pin (VBAT) that allows it to continue keeping time even when the main power supply is removed.
The SQW (Square Wave) pin on the DS3231SN can output a square wave at frequencies up to 32.768 kHz.